Topic: Introduction to Law

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  • 6 Marks

BL – May 2015 – L1 – SB – Introduction to Law

Explain the main distinctions between an offence and a civil wrong.

A person’s conduct may be an offence or a civil wrong.
Required:
State and explain any THREE main distinctions between an offence and a civil wrong. (6 Marks)

The distinctions between an offence and a civil wrong are:
i. Nature of the Wrong: An offence is a wrong against the State, while a civil wrong is a wrong against an individual or a private entity.

ii. Objective: The objective of a criminal trial is to punish the offender, while in civil cases, the objective is to compensate the injured party.

iii. Burden of Proof: In criminal cases, the burden of proof is “beyond a reasonable doubt,” while in civil cases, it is “on the balance of probabilities.”

  • 10 Marks

BL – May 2015 – L1 – SB – Q1a – Introduction to Law

Discuss the parties involved in civil and criminal actions and list six superior courts of record.

The parties to a civil action differ from the parties to a criminal action. You are required to state:
i. The parties to a civil action in the High Court. (2 Marks)
ii. The parties to a criminal action in the High Court. (2 Marks)
iii. SIX Superior Courts of Record. (6 Marks)

i. The parties to a civil action in the High Court are the Plaintiff/Claimant and the Defendant. (2 Marks)

ii. The parties to a criminal action in the High Court are the State and the Accused/Defendant. (2 Marks)

iii. SIX Superior Courts of Record are:

  1. Supreme Court
  2. Court of Appeal
  3. Federal High Court
  4. High Court of a State
  5. Sharia Court of Appeal
  6. Customary Court of Appeal

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