Some aspects of organisational culture are visible on the surface, like the tip of an iceberg, while others are implicit and submerged within the organization.

Required:
i) Explain what is meant by an overt aspect of organisational culture. (5 marks)
ii) Explain what is meant by a covert aspect of organisational culture. (5 marks)

i) Overt aspects of organisational culture:
Overt aspects are the formal, visible components of an organisation’s culture. These include financial resources, products, customers, formal structure, technology, policies, procedures, and rules. These aspects are overt because they are easily visible to outsiders and new employees, documented, controlled through formal management processes, and explicitly designed to support the organisation’s mission.

(5 marks)

ii) Covert aspects of organisational culture:
Covert aspects are the informal, hidden components of an organisation’s culture. These include beliefs, assumptions, and attitudes, as well as informal communication patterns, team processes, influence and leadership dynamics, political behavior, and interpersonal relations. These aspects are not directly under the control of management, are not always supportive of the organisation’s mission, and are not readily visible to outsiders or new joiners.

(5 marks)