b. Explain briefly THREE implications of expectancy theory for management. (6 Marks)

  • Motivational Effort: Expectancy theory suggests that employees will put in more effort when they believe their effort will lead to desirable outcomes. Management should ensure that employees understand how their performance is linked to rewards.
  • Clear Goals and Feedback: Managers should set clear, achievable goals and provide regular feedback on progress. Employees need to feel confident that their efforts will lead to successful performance and that management will recognize their contributions.
  • Fair and Valuable Rewards: To maintain motivation, management must ensure that rewards are perceived as fair, valuable, and aligned with the employee’s personal goals and efforts.