Paakro Limited, based in Ghana, is the parent company of a group that contains three subsidiaries: Mangoase Limited based in Munich, Germany; Asaman Limited based in Atlanta, USA; and Nsawam Limited based in Tokyo, Japan. The following cash flows are due in three months’ time between Paakro Limited and its subsidiaries:

Owed by Owed to Amount
Paakro Ltd Nsawam Ltd ¥3 million
Paakro Ltd Asaman Ltd $5 million
Mangoase Ltd Asaman Ltd $4 million
Mangoase Ltd Nsawam Ltd ¥7 million
Asaman Ltd Nsawam Ltd ¥2 million
Asaman Ltd Paakro Ltd $6 million
Nsawam Ltd Mangoase Ltd €12 million
Nsawam Ltd Paakro Ltd ¥5 million

The mid-rate exchange rates in three months’ time are expected to be:

  • GH¢4.0 = $1
  • GH¢3.0 = €1
  • GH¢3.5 = ¥1

Required:
Calculate, using a tabular format (transaction matrix), the impact of undertaking multilateral netting by Paakro Limited and its three subsidiary companies for the cash flows due in three months. (8 marks)

Summary of Netting Results:

  • Paakro Ltd will receive GH¢11m.
  • Mangoase Ltd will pay GH¢4.5m.
  • Asaman Ltd will receive GH¢5m.
  • Nsawam Ltd will pay GH¢11.5m.